Fundamental Elements of a Story Essay Example for Free

Fundamental Elements of a Story Essay This essay is going to talk about three different points: What are the types of effect that the writer can leave on his readers by his story? How important is the writers style to make his story access into his readers minds? What are the possible ways that the writer could use to make his theme noticed in his story? What are the Different Ways a Story’s Format Affects the Reader’s Comprehension? Positive effect The format of the story must be effective for the reader; if the form of the story is well organized the readers comprehension will be affected. The writer must organize the story elements and build a connection between all of these elements. Negative effect The format of the story could be not effective for the reader because of unorganized story structure. The way that the writer is telling his point of view doesnt affect readers properly. In What Ways do the Style and Point of View in a Story Format Effects the Delivery of that Story? The style and the point of view are important because the writer is the story teller. When the writers point of view is cleared and detailed his story becomes effective (Story, 2007). How can the Theme be Evident throughout a Story’s Elements? The theme can be evident depending on how the writer includes it in the story elements. For example, according to critics Joseph Conrad in his novel Heart of Darkness showed his racist personality and negative attitude towards women (Student Resources, 2008). Conclusion A story acceptance depends on the style of the author; maybe most readers will love it or hate it. The writer could write a story in 2 different ways with one 1 theme; the level of acceptance will not be the same in both cases. References Elements of the Short Story. (2007). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. scribblingwomen. org/elements. htm Student Resources. (2008). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www. josephconradsociety. org/student_resources. htm

Smartphone Essay Importance of Smart Phones

Smartphone Essay Importance of Smart Phones In this report there is a fine introduction of Smart Phones and their importance in our lives that how it is influences our daily routine work and also this report contains the role of E-Commerce and Web 2.0 in the trade of amazon.com and eBay.com. Firstly there is overview of Smart Phones is given then how it is influences our daily routine and then there are some descriptions of softwares which are being used in Smart Phones and also some of Smart Phones manufacturers names. Secondly in this report there is discussion how in next few years smart phones will take over all the digital devices and will be only one digital device we may own. Thirdly it has shown that what is E-Commerce and Web 2.0 technologies and how Amazon and EBay websites are using these technologies to expand their businesses all over the world. In the last conclusion is given followed by the references. Introduction Smart phone is a mobile phone which offers advanced technologies with functionality similar as a personal computer. While offering a standardized platform for application developers a smart phone performs as complete operating system software. Secondly, there are also very advanced features in smart phones such as internet, instant messenger and e-mail and also built-in keyboard are very typical. Because of these reasons we can say a smart phone a miniature computer with the similarities of a simple phone. With the growing speed of technological advancement, Smart phones have become the essential components of our daily performance. As we look for convenience, we also respect the devices, which can combine multiple features and which give us more mobility and entertainment. As the whole world is going into the new phase of technological performance, our needs become more sophisticated. On the one hand, we need speed, quality, and effectiveness on the other hand, these features should be combined in a solution small enough to carry it in the pocket. Smart phones have come to exemplify one of the wisest and the most convenient technological ideas in the history of mankind. The unique combination of features makes Smart phones extremely usable and useful for different purposes. In business or in pleasure Smart phones expand our capabilities and help us resolve our problems in timely manner. This is because of the growing speed of all decision-making processes in business and life that technological companies have come to the need for developing a new unique technological device. Usually, a Smartphone combines the functions of a cellular phone and a handheld computer in a single device. It differs from a normal phone in that it has an operating system and local storage, so udders can add and store information, send and receive email, and install programs to the phone as they could with a PDA Yuan. A Smartphone may also be referred to as a cellular Overview of Smart Phones These smart phones today can do almost everything. Faster networking systems, attractive and powerful applications and the technology literate users are making these smart phones very powerful these days. Huge markets are adopting the smart phones due to their flexibility, more productive features and better connectivity to the world in terms of internet. Along with many benefits, smart phones are increasing the value of the wireless technology, including the mobile phones, wireless tablets and the notebook computers. Some smart phones have the keypad similar to a notebook PC, this type of keypad is known as QWERTY keypad. The QWERTY keypad smart phones are easy to use and recommended when the user has to always type a lot. The other type of keypad is the on screen keypad, which is actually a touch screen keypad; this kind of keypad also comes in the form of buttons, which are not in the touch screen but below the screen of the smart phones. The touch screen smart phones are no doubt very advanced but they are a bit difficult to use when compared to a QWERTY or embossed keys keypad (Jackson 2010; Alejandro, X). Smartphone Operating Systems There are many operating systems which are being used by companies to introduce their smart phones but most important system is Symbian which is really popular these days and every other smart phone has this software. Some software are listed below: Symbian Linux Java Unique Operating System Apple OS Smart Phone Manufacturers In this new era of technology, there are a lot of companies who are manufacturing not only mobile or cell phones but even they are trying to put their all expertise in manufacturing smart phones. Every company has different technologies from each other and trying to be number one in Telecommunication Field. Some of the main smart phone manufacturing companies are Apple Nokia Samsung Siemens HTC Vodafone Black Berry Motorola Some examples of Smart Phones are I phone Blackberry X-peria Nokia N8 Samsung B3410 HTC Will Smart Phones become the single most important digital device we own? Technology is getting really advanced today and it is becoming an essential part of life. There has been also a great and very vast era of the evolution of mobile phones from simple and bigger mobile phones, which were able to send and receive calls and send and receive the text messages only. The smart phones are more likely to be the hand held computers for configuring the daily schedules, saving large documents, for watching videos, listening music, using internet, using world wide web, video conferencing and much more than a human mind can think. Smart phones are getting really popular in this advanced world. Everyone wants to carry his own personal data and information with him all the time which smart phone makes possible. It is being accepted that in the future smart phones will take over all the other digital devices in next years such as laptops, personal desktop computers and notebooks. Today smart phones carry all the features of digital devices as well as a common phone features. Smart phones include the projector video sharing, music player, high megapixel cameras and better navigators. Implications Justifications Today smart phones are the devices which provide all the facilities what a user need in his daily life, such as e-mail, notebook, Bluetooth, gaming panel, high resolution camera applications, Microsoft office suite, television and many other computerized applications that a human being can just think of. There is also a lot of perceptions about that smart phones will take over the other digital computerized devices like laptops, personal computers and notebooks. The technology used in smart phones is getting really advance day by day. Technicians are committing their time to explore new technologies and putting them into one simple device called smart phone for the beneficial future of human being. Smart phone are the best digital devices of present which provides what a human need. Everyone try to have a smart phone instead of having a simple phone because by a simple mobile he can only do call or text to other numbers but having a smart phone is beneficial by this we can do our office work on MS Office, can check our mails any time anywhere and there are a lot of more things that we can do with smart phones. There is no doubt that in future Smart Phone will become the single most important digital device we own. Future Due to the popularity of smart phones technology, it is being expected that smart phone sales will continue to grow in next years and some of the improvements vendors are making to help convince consumers to pick up a new device include dual-core processors and better video capabilities. E-Commerce Web 2.0 Technologies E-Commerce Selling through the websites is the best method of increasing trade worldwide.The business done electronically is called E-Commerce and it includes many different activities both in business-to-business market and in the business to consumer market. It includes trading of goods and services electronically, online delivery, transfers of funds electronically. It includes both products and services. Commercial transaction of goods and services is e-commerce; good services are exchanged electronically not physically between parties. It has a very big range of communication technologies i.e. e-mail, internet. After consideration the importance of internet people prefer to shop online because it makes shopping easy and saving of time. Web 2.0 The web 2.0 is known as the next generation or second generation of the internet web. The web 2.0 allows users to use internet in more enhanced way such as publishing of videos or audio on the internet, sharing of files and photos. This term was used in 2004 for the first time; it is also a collaboration of different processes of business and the technology to provide more flexibility to the marketing. It is of much related to the social networking such as facebook.com, twitter.com, linkedin.com and many others; while it also refers to the video and audio sharing on internet such as youtube.com, mp3.com, 4shared.com and many others. It is a vast term which is many steps ahead when the internet was launched and after many years or launching of internet there was only web 1.0 (OReilly 2005; google.co.uk 2010). Role of E-Commerce Web 2.0 Technologies in EBays Amazons Popularity Amazon and eBay are those companies which are pure e-commerce companies which are using web 2.0 technologies that allow users to shop online without any physical relationship. These websites are security protected and facilitate their customers with every possible way. By using these technologies we can buy anything online by sitting in comfort of our home anytime in 24 hours with complete security and satisfaction. Amazon is one of the best website where we can buy about anything which is necessary in our routine life and they also provide free home delivery of whatever you buy online. This enhancement in technology allows consumers or businesses to use the web more efficiently and with flexibility even if the consumers do not have any experience (Chaffey 2008; Chinahourly.com 2010; keynote.com; Marketingexperiments.com 2005; Phillips 2006). These website provide low cost products to their customers who can buy that products with only 1 click in safe and pure atmosphere and customers can also compare the items with one to other products so they can decide easily that which product suits their nature. E-Commerce has made it very easy to shop online for these types of websites. These websites allow shoppers to shop online and provide complete satisfaction. Life is so busy today and mostly people has no time to spend on shopping and amazon.com and e-Bay.com made it easy to shop online without any physical interferences. These websites are becoming very popular and feasible for the shopping purposes. The e-commerce is increasing the revenue of amazon.com and eBay each year, because of the awareness among the consumers and the more enhanced and easy to use web 2.0 portals, which makes it attractive for consumers to purchase through e-commerce (Andam 2003; Chinahourly.com 2010; keynote.com; Marketingexperiments.com 2005; Phillips 2006). Conclusion Today life is so busy and everyone is trying to complete his own needs. No-one has such time to look around him and think for a while to what he/she wants. The economies are becoming stable and unstable sometimes. To overcome the needs of consumers of bigger digital devices, smart phones are solving the issues. We can use smart phones for a lot of purposes of routine life and because of this we dont have to carry heavy weight laptops and digital dairies, we can save anything in our smart phone so we can get benefits of this anywhere any time. This advancement of technology shows that smart phones will take over the other digital devices easily. Similarly, with the passage of time everyone is getting more busy in their routine life and no one has such time to visit physical markets for shopping. So this online shopping made life so easier to explore new adventures and find out what we need. E-commerce and web 2.0 has made it easier for the people to use the web with flexibility even if they do not have much experience to use the internet. These enhancements and technological changes are making peoples life easier.

Starbucks HR Policies and Practices

Starbucks HR Policies and Practices Contents (Jump to) IntroductionBackground of the Study DefinitionsRationaleHRMOrganizational PerformanceHuman Capital Advantage Company Information [Starbucks] Literature ReviewHRM and Organizational PerformanceHRM Policies PracticesRecruitment Selection PolicyReward PolicyEmployees Development PolicyHuman Capital and Competitive Advantage Critical AnalysisCurrent and past HRM policies in StarbucksPast and current HRM challenges in Starbucks HRM Policies and StarbucksRecruitment selection Policy and StarbucksReward Policy and StarbucksEmployees Development Policy and Starbucks Personal Reflection LearningIssues Identified in Starbucks Policies Recommendations and ConclusionsRecommendationsConclusion References In this essay the impacts of Human Resource Management (HRM) policies are evaluated on organizational performance with a thorough study of Starbucks. It provides complete insides into the Human Resource (HR) three dimensional model and its implementation in Starbucks is evaluated. Introduction Background of the Study The workforce of an organization is considered as a source of competitive edge over the competitors for that organization (Barney, 1991) (Barney, 1991) (Pfeffer, 1998). So due to this the significance of the employees has risen greatly and the need of the organization to develop a better human resource system has become one of the major organizational concerns to ensure the optimum use of human capital to get their maximum productivity. This increasing importance of human capital has raised the interest of the researchers to understand the relationship between high performance and effective human resource management policies and so far many researchers have also confirmed that effective human resource policies have positive effects over the performance of the organization (Huselid, 1995). But still we can see a huge gap in studies that have been conducted to understand the impacts of that positive relationship between organizational performance and effective human resource management system for multinational companies. Most of the previous researches have been conducted to understand the implications of that relationship on Domestic industries of Europe (e.g., Guest and Hoque, 2008); USA and very few studies have been made in Asia. Rationale This essay is focused to understand the HRM policies adopted by big multinational retail service provider Starbucks and critically discusses what type of value they have created by successful implementation of these HRM policies in the form of more committed and motivated workforce. Definitions HRM HRM is an important function of organizations performed internally in order to hire the required workforce, manage them effectively and ensure that they are working in right direction in order to achieve overall organizational goals (Robert L. Mathis,ÂÂ  John H. Jackson, 2008). Organizational Performance When we compare the planned or expected output of the organization with the actual performance we can get the organizational performance level (Daniel M Wentland, 2009). Human Capital Advantage According to Boxal, 1996 the human capital advantage is collection of all specific HR activities that are considered as special features of that firm, although these practices are performed by using formal as well as informal both types of processes. Company Information [Starbucks] This essay discusses the effectiveness of HRM policies on the organizational performance of Starbucks. It is one of the some major organizations, dealing in retail sector that offers magnificent benefits to its both full time and part time employees. Starbucks is coffee Stores Company originated in 1917 in Seattle, USA and now it has become a large organization working at world level in 44 countries with 15000 stores. It is one of the leading organizations in retail business and is known for its special coffee brand and as roaster. The company has implemented five corporate strategies that are; offer best quality products, ensure maximum penetration in market, offering a highly social atmosphere, provide relaxing, develop the best working conditions and increase the profitability of the company by offering high margin products and reducing the costs (Jacqueline L, John L. Colley,ÂÂ   Doyle,ÂÂ  Robert D. Hardie, 2004). It has adopted the Laissez Faire management style and above the management at store level it has hour different levels of management in its organizational structure. The skills that give it advantage of its competitors are the ability to make drinks and the skills of employees. At Starbucks employees are considered as partners of the organization and provided with special trainings to develop better understanding of the product and teach them new methods of brewing and techniques of sales. Partners have powers to take decisions when needed and shift supervisors assign them duties. Evalua tions and Promotions are used to motivate them. The performance of the company is well observed through the balance sheet of last five years as the assets of the company have been doubled as they were in 2005. Owners equity is also raised (SBUX, Balance sheet) Literature Review HRM and Organizational Performance According to most of the HRM specialists the effective human resource management system is very much important to achieve high levels of organizational performance (Delery, 2009; MacDuffie, 1999). According to them the effective Human resource management system is mostly designed to ensure high organizational performance by getting optimum overall output of the company rather than having more focus on individual performance. As Reeves and Dare (2007) describes that we can get high performance from an employee by increasing his motivation and abilities by using any method. In the field of HRM and organizational performance a significant contribution is from Huczynski and Buchanan, 2009. According to them when HRM activities are designed in an organization according to its strategy it increases the productivity level of the organization, reduces its turnover and also enables it to perform well in financial sector (Huczynski Buchanan, 2009). Their findings proved that when organization succeeded to satisfy its workforce and make them committed it can make its performance in corporate sector much better. The productivity is also very much dependant on the job design (Huczynski Buchanan, 2009). HRM Policies Practices According to Huselid and Becker (1995) have critically examined the human resource management system and find out the three major dimensions of it. Recruitment Selection Policy Many studies have proved that an effective recruitment and selection process in organization is very much crucial for its success and to achieve high performance goal of the company. The system should be rigorous and should be designed to meet the overall organizational goals according to Reeves ad Dare (2007). The researchers have found that there is a positive relationship between effective recruitment and selection process of the company and overall organizational performance. When organization selects employees who best match its requirements and have enough abilities to contribute to the overall success of the company they can reduce their cost of employee development, they dont need to invest in employee training programs that costs a lot to the organizations. Reward Policy According to many researchers the compensation based on performance is a very successful tool to get high performance level (e.g. Arthur, 1998; Delery and Doty, 2009; Huselid, 1995; MacDuffie, 1999). Doty and Delery (2009) even declare the reward system based on performance as only method of achieving high performance level. Along these many other studies have discussed the positive relationship of performance based reward system with the overall performance of the organization Like in control theory by Snell, 1999, cost theory by Wright and Jones, 1992, and agency theory by Eisenhardt, 1988 and all these studies have found a positive relationship between the overall performance of the organization and the reward system based on performance. According to expectancy theory by Vroom 1964 the high performance level of an individual can be expected if organization meet his expected needs. But most important thing is that the reward system based on performance is dependent on other functi ons of human resource management. The individual output should not be the only basis of rewards provided by the company; organization should also consider the contributions of that person in the overall organizational performance. Employees Development Policy The performance of an organization is very much dependant on the employees development policy of the organization. Organizations use a number of practices in order to develop their human capital. First of all the investments made by the organization, to provide non-technical and technical trainings to its workforce, determines the success of organization to increase the knowledge level of its employees. According to many researchers like Huselid and Delaney (1995), McGrath and Koch (1996), Huselid (1995) the organizational performance can be increased greatly by providing proper training to the workforce. They all have developed a positive relationship between overall organizational performance and the employee development policies of the organization. Organizational are now more concerned to develop their employees in order to achieve high performance they invest in their trainings and also try to make it possible to have long-term mutually beneficial relationship with them (Doty an d Delery 2009). In order to enable their employees to plan their careers properly they design proper career development programs for them. The companies that have promotion system from within the organization they have usually more committed and motivated employees as they want to work hard in order to get promotion (Snell and Lepak, 1999) and when company adopts internal promotion system it shows the commitment of the organization towards its workforce. Human Capital and Competitive Advantage With the increasing globalization trends the importance of skilled human resource have raised greatly, now human resource is considered that if an organization invests its efforts to Develop its human resource as an advantage in result that human capital will contribute to establish overall competitive advantage of the organization (Boxal, 1999). Critical Analysis Current and past HRM policies in Starbucks The committed and motivated employees have great significance in the overall organizational success and Starbucks realize that very early. So Starbucks gave great importance to recruitment process in order to select right people for jobs and develop them and retain them in order to get sustainable high performance of the organization. And effective HRM policies adopted by the company also shows its commitment towards its human resource. From its start Starbucks has given great importance to its frontline staff and baristas because they give it competitive advantage by providing the customers the experience of the Starbucks. They always remained the center of the companys attentions. From first day while hiring someone for company, the qualities that are given great importance are dependability, adaptability and ability of the candidate to work as an effective member of a team. Still, as current HR policy to develop the right people the Starbucks is making huge investments in the development and training processes of the workforce. They are taught the techniques and skills that they will be required to perform their tasks while working at Starbucks and increase their efficiency as well. With these huge investments in human resource the Starbucks can expect to have strong employee satisfaction level (HRM, Starbucks). Past and current HRM challenges in Starbucks The biggest challenge that Starbucks cope with in first decade of 21st century is to maintain the goodwill of the organization while having a high expansion rate and to develop the qualified workforce to support its expansion policy. The analysts were in doubt that with this fast expansion policy whether it would be able to meet the goals to be a positive employer. In early years of 21st century the company claimed that its huge costs on human development have been showing great in the financial position of the organization. In fiscal year 2004 the spending on human resource development was more than its spending on advertising expenses that were $68.3 million. In mid of 2004 in order to meet these heavy costs the company needed to increase the price of its beverages with 11cents these were already premium prices for the Starbucks products. But other hand company was not in position to cut down the incentives that it provides to workforce because that action can lead a major decrease in their morale. Starbucks still keeps its high expansion policy as every day it is adding 5 new stores in its portfolio with 200 new employees. So the challenges for Starbucks are not changed as they were at the start of 21st century (SBUX, Daily Finance). HRM Policies and Starbucks Recruitment selection Policy and Starbucks Starbucks is one of the world biggest organizations and having each day addition of five new stores in its large profile and in order to maintain this magnificent growth Starbucks has to hire 200 new employees every day. The process of recruitment in Starbucks includes many tools like interview of the candidates in which they also attend the sessions of coffee tasting and the terms and conditions are being developed and they are emphasized to provide with notes that are handwritten rather than response letters also the use to phone calls if appreciated. By using all these tools Starbucks get to know the response time of candidates. Starbucks also asks its recruiters to regularly send gift cards of Starbucks to its job applicants whether they are selected or not for job they must be treated as customers for the company. The process of recruitment in Starbucks is specifically designed for the job that is needed to be filled. The mission of the Starbucks is to expect the diversity and p rovide the employees the opportunity to develop themselves. After passing the interview Starbucks first train its employees before final selection (Starbucks, ICMR India). Reward Policy and Starbucks Starbucks always give more importance to its people than products, in a store staff it has 16 partners and one manager and one assistant manager on them. The incentives that Starbucks provide to its workforce are free health care that also includes vision and dental care facilities. It offers Stock options as well in the form of extra benefits and along this the employees who work average 20 hours a week for the company and continue it for three months company provides them shift drinks free and free pound of tea or coffee in every week. The rise in salaries of employees is based on performance evaluations that are conducted semi annually and these raises can be from 0% to 5%. Company does not offer any monetary bonuses but provide many non monetary awards like it offers about 30% discounts to the employees on all goods that they buy (Starbucks, ICMR India). The contribution of partners in overall organizational performance is recognized by several different kinds of programs. Just l ike company has implemented a program of Green Apron, that is an evidence of Starbucks commitment towards environmental issues and its brand behavior. Green Apron book is provided to every partner that contains the values of the company and desired behaviors and peer recognition cards. Team contributions are also recognized to evaluate their performance. Employees Development Policy and Starbucks In employee development policy Starbucks has designed training programs and learning sessions for new as well as existing employees. The employees are provided refresher courses in order to align their skills with industry customer demands. In training programs that Starbucks offers to its employees include; customer dealing techniques, coffee making workshops, customer care programs. Personal Reflection: I will make the comparison of Starbucks with an IRAN based coffee provider named Tunnel Restaurant Coffee Shop. This is a big chain of Coffee shops and restaurants with 15000 employees in IRAN. The chain network of the company is spread in whole IRAN with 724 stores. If we compare the three HR dimensional model of this restaurant with Starbucks; The reward system in Tunnel restaurant is not based on performance of the workers they have fixed reward system and annual bonuses that are aligned with religious festivals. While Starbucks ha performance based reward system discussed above. They lack the business knowledge due to the nonexistence of capital based business. Employee development also not that much efficient as they still based on traditional views and take human resource as business costs. Employee selection process is much better and we can say too much extant same like Starbucks they have policy to hire the people from the area where they operate their store (ChefMoz Dining Guide, Tunnel Restaurant Coffee Shop, 2009). Learning: The application of three HR dimensional model for performance of Starbucks has helped me a lot to develop understanding about how to identify the organizational needs and designing systems according to those specific areas where need occurs and to cover the deficiencies. These three dimensions are very much crucial for the organizations as they help to develop the business to create most precious asset that is human capital. Issues Identified in Starbucks policies: Most of the workforce of Starbucks is below the 20 years of age and the incentives that Starbucks is providing are more focused on health facilities that include medical, vision and dental care facilities and also Stock options for employees. The numbers of monetary awards that are being offered to employees are very few include semi-annual raises and wage rates based on per hour working. Although the focus of the Starbucks is more on providing the third place atmosphere but still the turnover rate of employees is very high and one of the big reasons behind it is the exchange of managers in store whenever upper management wants so it has very bad impacts on the partners. One more issue that company is facing in this area is that although the focus of the company is equal on direct labors and high margin products but the performance of some stores is not satisfactory in this segment. Recommendations and Conclusions Recommendations Although Starbucks is one of those few multinationals that have strong commitment towards their people but after this study we can make many recommendations to the company to do in near future in order to increase their performance; While designing the incentive package for the employees company should also consider the age factor of them and offer benefits according to their needs. The number of monetary awards should also be increased with non monetary benefits as it is argued that monetary benefits motivate faster and have long term effects on employees. The exchange of managing level staff should not be frequent. The audit should be done carefully and the stores that are not performing well they should be closed as they cause extra costs to the company. Conclusion Starbucks is one of the big organizations of the globe it has a large employee base and the way through which it is managing its employees is very appreciable although the need for more work in some areas is always remain even in perfect systems. References Barney, Jay B, 2004, sustained competitive advantage and resources of Firm. Management journal, pp 99-120. Boxall, P. (1998), Achieving competitive advantage through human resource strategy: towards a theory of industry dynamics, Human Resource Management Review, pp. 265-288. ChefMoz Dining Guide, 2009, Tunnel Restaurant Coffee Shop Delaney and Huselid, 1995, HRM impact on organizational performance perceptions. Journal of Management, PP 949-969. Delery, Harold Doty, 2009, Models of theorizing in strategic human resource management, Academy of Management Journal, pp 802-835. Dyer, Lee Todd Reeves. 2007. Human resource strategies and firm performance, The International Journal of HRM, pp 656-670. Daniel M Wentland, 2009, Organizational Performance in a Nutshell, pp 3-7. Eisenhardt, Kathleen 1988, Agency and institutional-theory explanations: The case of retail sales compensation. Academy of Management Journal, pp 488-511. Guest and Kim Hoque, 2008, in new non-union workplaces the Employment relations. HRM Journal, pp 1-14. Huczynski, A.A., Buchanan, D.A. (2009), Organizational Behavior. 6th edn. Pearson Education. Jones, G. Patrick. Wright, 1992, an economic approach to conceptualizing the utility of human resource management practices, pp 271-300. Jacqueline L. Doyle,ÂÂ  John L. Colley,ÂÂ  Robert D. Hardie, 2004, Corporate Strategy, Corporate Strategy, pp 1-25. MacDuffie, John P, 1999, manufacturing performance and Human resource bundles: Industrial Relations Labor Review, pp 197-221. Robert L. Mathis,ÂÂ  John H. Jackson, 2008, Human resource management, strategic HR management and planning, pp 33-64. Pfeffer, Jeffrey. 2007. The human equation: Building profits by putting people first. Boston: Harvard Business Press. Snell, Lepak and D.P, 1999, the human resource architecture, academy of management, pp 31-48. Vroom, Victor. 1964. Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Starbucks Growth Challenge and HRM Policies available at: http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Human%20Resource%20and%20Organization%20Behavior/Starbucks%20Human%20Resource%20Management-Growth%20Challenge-Case%20Studies.htm#The_Human_Resources_Challenge Starbucks, Wikipedia.org http://www.starbucks.com/

Computer Software Should be Free :: Internet Essays Papers

Computer Software Should be Free Free is a word that everyone in the world loves to hear, whether you are in the United States or Bangladesh. Usually when something is advertised as â€Å"free† there is some sort of a catch. Whether there are hidden shipping and handling fees or hidden commitments, something almost always gets you. The word free is not a word that is normally associated with computers and computer software, until now. If you know the right places to look on the Internet, whether legal or illegal, a person can find the software they are looking for. Considering that many things people want for their computer tend to be expensive this a great option for them. Organizations are trying to crack down on people getting things for free, but the Internet is too vast to regulate all of the sites that allow free usage of things normally paid for. Napster is a good example of a site that got shut down for allowing users to download music for free. Many views can be taken on whether or not this should be regulated. In this paper I will be discussing whether or not all things on the computer should be free. Software applications such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Office can be expensive. So instead of buying them people go to websites and download them for free. This is a growing practice among many people in all countries. So it raises the question should all software be free. Many people argue that it should be free because everyone gets it for free anyway. Organizations like CAAST [1] and FAST [2] try to regulate the number of thefts in there countries. In Canada it has seemed to work over time, as numbers of thefts have dropped for the first time in four years. FAST reports that 26% of all software being used is illegal. These organizations can only hope to limit the number of illegal software downloads in their respective countries, which really is quite miniscule in the overall picture of software piracy. Music on the Internet is another big issue among consumers and the artists that compose them. Napster was the biggest site for downloading mp3’s, but was shutdown because of a big push by the rock group Metallica.

William Shakespares Poem My Mistress Eyes Are Nothing Like The Sun Ess

William Shakespare's Poem "My Mistress Eyes Are Nothing Like The Sun" 'My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun' is a poem written by William Shakespeare about the love towards an imperfect woman. He explains that although his mistress is imperfect, he finds his love special and 'rare.' If the modern day reader is not careful, he/she might be quick to assume the role of the woman that Shakespeare writes about. Although the word mistress now refers to a sweetheart or a woman who lives with a man without being married to him, in Shakespeare's time, it meant a woman who rules others or has control. With that understood, the reader can focus on some important conventions of this poem- theme, tone, and form- to better understand and appreciate the piece. The theme of this poem is to ...

Heart: Definition and Life Essay

What is your definition of success? Before you can achieve success, you need to define what success means to you. Unless you have a clear vision of what success is to you, you cannot work towards it. Success means different things to different people. For some, monetary reward is a measure of success. Yet others have multiple definition of success. 1. The Different Areas They measure it across a few areas. It can be career, health, spiritual, emotional, time or financial. As an example, one can be successful in one’s career but not emotionally. Of course, this list isn’t exhaustive – so you can add areas that are relevant to you. To find your own definition of success you need to dig deep within yourself and question your values in life. What are your strengths andweaknesses? What are the things that are important to you? By answering these questions you can then come closer to your own definition of success. Be aware that this can be a long process. You may not get the answers so quickly. But it is alright. Define your measure of success, one at a time. Let’s take your career as an example. What would your definition of success be for your career? To make the managerial level by a specified time? Then dig deep to see what are your own strengths and weaknesses. Which would help you achieve it. Which of your weakness is a barrier, and does it go against your values? For me, I value time with my family. However, my work requires me to work late nights and long hours. I will need to adjust my own definition of success. Which would take priority? 2. It Is A Journey When defining your success, remember this important thing. Success is a journey. It has multiple peaks and not one ultimate pinnacle. One success builds on another. Setbacks and mistake will also help you build success. At different periods of your life, success is defined differently. In our career, at a more junior level, your success can be defined by exceeding your job requirements or getting a promotion. Or success can be defined in a few respects. They can be: 1. Your relationship with your boss; 2. Your relationship with your peers; 3. Your dealing with other departments; and 4. Your learning curve. You may add other areas as you move up the corporate ladder. One of my definitions of success in my career at this point – is the number of staff I mentor to higher levels within my industry. When they achieve a certain level of skills and knowledge and are respected by clients, business partners and industry peers – I have achieved some amount of success as far as my career is concerned. Therapists Spill: My Definition of Success By MARGARITA TARTAKOVSKY, M.S. In the fall, clinician Joyce Marter and her husband hosted their friends for a dinner party at their Chicago home. Among the couples — all in their 40s with school-aged kids — conversation turned to the adventures of parenting and the tricky stage of adolescence. This sparked a dialogue about how they gauge success. Marter’s knee-jerk reaction was to say that success excludes dicey circumstances such as driving under the influence or dropping out of school. â€Å"Thankfully, I quickly regrouped from this position of fear-based and judgmental thinking and realized I do not truly believe any of those experiences or other life challenges mean somebody has failed or is not successful,† she said. Hardships make us human and give us the opportunity to grow, she said. None of us is perfect or remains unscathed in life. Marter’s guests offered myriad definitions, everything from education to prosperity to resiliency to health to happiness. So what is succes s? What does being a success look like? Below, Marter and other clinicians spill their views on success. According to Marter, also owner of the counseling practice Urban Balance, success is authenticity and mindfulness. Success is to live life openly, authentically, and lovingly in a way that is aligned with the highest good of self and others. Furthermore, when one is mindfully rooted in the present moment and engaged in relationships and work that promote a loving growth of human consciousness, one is joyous and prosperous. And so, this is my wish for myself, my children and for all humankind. Christina G. Hibbert, Psy.D, a clinical psychologist and postpartummental health expert, summarized success in three words: faith, love and joy. To be successful in my work means that I am able to touch others’ lives, to help them know they are not alone, and to impart some bit of joy or wisdom that will leave them better than before. To be successful in my family means to love — to listen, to say I’m sorry when I’m wrong, to encourage, uplift, and to always strive to give the best of my time, talents, and heart. To be successful as a human being means to continually examine myself, my motives, and my works; to connect spiritually, listen to what my Creator has in mind for me, and trust the process — to be open to learning and improving, and willing to share myself and serve gladly. I guess overall, for me, success = faith, love, and joy (my three-word motto) — striving to do and be my personal best in work, family, and as a human being, forgiving myself when I’m not, picking myself back up, and diligently pressing forward again. For Deborah Serani, Psy.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the book Living with Depression, success lies in the everyday, in the journey from setting a goal to realizing it. For me, success is when I set a realistic goal, enjoy the journey as it unfolds and dwell in the momentary satisfaction when it all comes together. From cooking a new recipe, to learning a new yoga pose or taking a challenge that stretches my comfort zone, it’s the entire experience that offers me a sense of well-being. Success can be found in little things and big things. The key is to enjoy the ride once you set out on your material or existential destination. Ryan Howes, Ph.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the blog â€Å"In Therapy,† also prefers to focus on the flight, instead of the landing. I try (really, really try!) to view life as a journey rather than a series of goals to be attained. I always feel less stressed and better able to focus on today when I’m in that mindset. With that framework, I try to view success as something to which I aspire rather than a goal with a finish line. For me, success is achieving a healthy balance between the most important areas of my life. These include family and social relationships, occupational pursuits, hobbies, diet, exercise, rest, my spiritual life, and the continued pursuit of self-understanding. I don’t think I’ve achieved this balance yet, as I only seem to maintain focus on one or two areas at a time. I may never find a way to keep all these plates spinning at once, but I will try for the rest of my life! Jeffrey Sumber, M.A., a psychotherapist, author and teacher, described success as a triumph over trials and fear. Success is overcoming challenges internal and external that at one time felt impossible or overbearing but with hard work and discipline I was able to rise above the fear or anxiety. For most people success is a shifting concept, which transforms over time. It’s been for John Duffy, Ph.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the book The Available Parent: Radical Optimism for Raising Teens and Tweens. Today, his view includes being of service to others and being satisfied with his life. My definition of success has shifted greatly over the years. I used to think I had to accomplish something that others deemed â€Å"great† in order to consider myself successful. Today, I find success in happiness, kindness, and helpfulness. I find success in loving, connected, available relationships, in my family and elsewhere in my life, including my relationship with myself. In order to feel fully successful, I feel I need to continue to find new ways to reach out to others and give of myself. Finally, I don’t think I could ever feel successful without a degree of happiness, contentment and humor. Success has many faces. The definition just depends on who you ask. And that’s the magic of success: You get to figure out what it looks like for you. Subject: Mentoring tips on definition of success In the next message to the electronic community I will ask participants how they define â€Å"success† for themselves. Here are examples of how this question was answered by a group of successful teens and adults with disabilities. These responses might provide some inspiration as you interact with the teens in our community. To me, having a successful life is being able to do things independently for myself and not always have someone there to do things for me. It’s achieving my goals on my own terms and at my own pace. (high school student with a mobility impairment) Success is a relative term. If you achieve what you want to and are happy, then I think that is success. It could be applied to life in general or to individual tasks in life. (college student with a mobility impairment) My definition of success is achieving personal goals, whatever they may be. Some goals are considered small by some people and enormous by others. What matters is that they are personal; each individual has his/her own formula for personal success. (college student who is deaf) I remember what my high school voice teacher told the class as we prepared for our senior solo. She said, â€Å"Success comes in CANS, and failure comes in CAN’TS.† (speech language pathologist who is blind) Succeeding is accomplishing my dreams. However slowly I am moving toward that, to some degree I am succeeding. (high school student who is blind) Even though you might not have obtained that set goal, you are successful if you tried your best. (college student with a brain injury) To me, success is being able to do whatever it takes to lead a productive life. (young person who is blind) Success? That’s an easy one. BE HAPPY. (high school student with a learning disability) What’s Your Definition of Success? ————————————————- Success is a tricky sucker to define, isn’t it? Society as a whole tends to judge success by status and material wealth, but I think we both know that’s utter bollocks. I’ve worked with some fabulously wealthy yet unhappy people and you cannot ever really define an unhappy person as a successful one. My Definition Of Success If asked me for my definition of success it would simply have been, â€Å"somebody who is happy†. As happiness is at the top of everybody’s wish list, then by default it must define an element of success when an individual achieves it. Last week I was working through the core values process with client, Courtney Townley. One of the most crucial elements of a value elicitation is understanding what the client means by the words they give me. Too many values are open to interpretation and may mean different things to different people. So to presume that just because I think success equals happiness that other people must think the same is arrogant and stupid, which isn’t a good combination for a Life Coach. One of Courtney’s values was unsurprisingly enough ‘success’. I asked her what she meant by the word and she was really struggling to come up with an answer. We did the values exercise anyway, but I asked her to think about what success meant to her and to e-mail me the answer so I could get a better understanding of what we were aiming for. Her response was awesome and makes my job very worthwhile. I immediately asked her if I could include it in a blog post and she graciously agreed. Courtney’s Definition Of Success â€Å"Tim, You probably thought I forgot my homework assignment? I didn’t. I chewed on the question all week: †what does success mean to me?† I wrestled with the question a lot, found it intriguing and much more complex than I initially though it would be. First, I answered the question that success to me is living a balanced life full of happiness, but as I dug deeper I didn’t like that answer so much for two reasons. 1. I do believe that happiness is ultimately a choice regardless of the situation. 2. Some of the most rewarding/successful experiences of my life happened at a time when my life was completely unbalanced. So I chewed and chewed some more. Finally I was able to digest this better: I define success as listening to that subtle voice within, what I perceive to be my truth talking, and obeying by saying YES†¦ despite the sacrifice, hard work or difficulty that may result. I feel most successful when I honor my authenticity (which is probably why is it one of my top values). On the other hand, I feel most unsuccessful when I am a slave to someone else’s agenda or working to build someone else’s dream rather than my own†¦which is probably why I have been self-employed for the past 8 years. I feel most successful when I am honest about who I am (the good, the bad and the ugly)†¦.talented and powerful and at the same time fearful and imperfect, and charging forward without getting too caught up in any one characteristic of myself, and without being too attached to the outcome of what I set out to do. I do it because my heart told me to do it, I don’t do it because I am certain of where it will lead me, which is exhilarating and terrifying at the same time. You said to me last week that everyone has fear, but because some people have confronted their fear more often, it seems that it is more natural for them to move into action without getting paralyzed by the fear. That was a huge â€Å"Ah-Ha† moment for me†¦..success is making a HABIT out of acknowledging the fear and resistance, but moving forward despite it. Success is saying YES to my journey, YES to my life’s adventure, YES to my heart’s song and knowing full well that does not mean it will always be comfortable, balanced, easy or pain free, but I do know it will be RICH and REWARDING and SIGNIFICANT beyond measure for me. I know if it is all of those things for me, my truth will also touch others, which will build even more success! To feel successful I know I need (based an my history of success) to dig both feet in deeply to my endeavors, be fully committed to my choices and finish what I start. Hope that gives you a little insight:) Courtney† Is she kidding me? It gave me a huge amount of insight into what makes Courtney tick. It’s one of the most important answers that you can figure out. Right now. How do you personally define success? For you. Take into account all of your current responsibilities, your strengths, your trials, your season of life and your dreams†¦ Whether it is defining your success as a parent or a business owner or anything in-between, I think we could avoid so much heartache, disappointment, sense of failure and the chronic epidemic of comparisons if we realistically answered this one question for ourselves.

STP analysis on sunsilk Essay

We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for the guidance and support you have provided me during the course of this report. Without your help, this report would have been impossible to complete. To prepare the report we collected what we believe to be most relevant information to make our report as reliable as possible. We have concentrated our best effort to achieve the objectives of the report and hope that our endeavor will serve the purpose. The practical knowledge and experience gathered during report preparation will immeasurably help in our future professional life. We request you to excuse us for any mistake that may occur in the report despite of our best effort. We would really appreciate it you enlighten us with your thoughts and views regarding the report. Also, if you wish to enquire about an aspect of our report, we would gladly answer your queries. Executive Summary Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch company, with a history of grand operation, on which it has gradually built its capital. Today it owns most of the world’s consumer product brands in food, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever Bangladesh Ltd is one of the world’s most successful fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies with local manufacturing facilities, reporting to regional business groups for innovation and business results. Unilever brands are trusted everywhere and, by listening to the people who buy them, they’ve grown into one of the world’s most successful consumer goods companies. In fact, 150 million times a day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product. Unilever Bangladesh Limited has five departments to carry out all the organizational functions. Our report is on â€Å"STP Analysis on Sunsilk†.This report is designed in three chapters. Initially the opening words about the report were described in the first segment titled â€Å"Introduction† where we discuss about â€Å"Overview of Unilever† contains the history of Unilever, Unilever Bangladesh Ltd, and Organizational structure. Next chapter is on STP analysis. And in last part we give the conclusion and Bibliography. Introduction: The main objective of this report is to have an assessment about STP analysis. How they manage all their market segmentation, Target market and their positioning. Here we give brief idea about the company, industry and product. Company Overview: Unilever is a corporation, formed of Anglo Dutch parentage that owns many of the world’s consumer brands in foods, beverages, agents and personal care. It was created in 1930 by the merger of British soap Brothers and Dutch margarine producer Margarine Unit. In the 1930s the business of Unilever grew and new ventures were launched in Latin. Since then Unilever has made tremendous growth, going through economic crises like the First  World War and the Great Depression. Today the company is fully multinational with operating companies in over 100 countries, employing about 179000 employees. With the onset of the 21stcentury, Unilever implemented a strategy known as ‘Path to Growth’ to transform business and to launch their Vitality mission. With 400 brands spanning 14 categories of home, personal care and foods products, no other company touches so many people’s lives in so many different ways. 150 million times a day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product. From feeding one’s family to keeping one’s home clean and fresh, Unilever brands are part of everyday life. Unilever’s mission is to add Vitality to life. It meets every day needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of life. Here we give the SWOT analysis of Unilever: SWOT analysis: The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. Strengths: †¢In depth industry experience and insight †¢Largest amount of share in the market †¢Having a good number of established brands †¢An excellent distribution network †¢Competitive advantages Weaknesses: †¢Reliance on outside raw materials †¢So many substitutes available in the market †¢Lack of control in the market. If any disruption arises between company and distributor then the whole market suffers. †¢Lack of informational reliability, since the market is too large Opportunities: †¢Participation within a growing industry †¢Utilization of changing lifestyle of people for increasing demand †¢Scope of expanding the market vertically and horizontally †¢Application of new tactics and surprise packages †¢Niche marketing Threats: †¢Threats of the market challengers †¢A negative effect on people’s spending because of the current financial crisis †¢Existence of political unrest though out the country The motto of Unilever is to hold its strengths the longest time possible. It is also working constantly with a view to using its opportunities at best. In spite of being the market leader Unilever Bangladesh has some weaknesses and threats. Its research department is working hard to make strategies to overcome those weaknesses and threats. Product Overview: Sunsilk is a hair care brand, primarily aimed at women, produced by the Unilever group, which is now considered the world’s leading company in hair conditioning and the second largest in shampoo.Sunsilk is Unilever’s leading hair care brand, and ranks as one of the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate’s â€Å"billion dollar brands†. Sunsilk shampoos, conditioners and other hair care products are sold in 69 countries worldwide. Sunsilk is sold under a variety of different names in markets around the world including Elide, Seda and Sedal. The brand is strongest in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and is the number one hair care brand in India, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Sunsilk was launched in the UK in 1954, and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries worldwide. At the time, Sunsilk had an advantage over other shampoos in the market as it only needed one application, and so meant washing less natural oils from the hair. Sunsilk  cream shampoo for dry hair was launched in 1956 and from 2009 Sunsilk started working with a number of professional hair â€Å"experts† to develop new and improved products. Each hair â€Å"issue† variant links to an â€Å"expert† with the relevant specialist hair knowledge. For example, Dr Francesca Fusco, a New York dermatologist, co-created a â€Å"hair fall† variant for the brand. The lineup also includes: Jamal Hammadi for Black Shine, Rita Hazan for Vibrant Color, Teddy Charles for Plumped up Volume, Thomas Taw for Damage Reconstruction, Ouidad for Defined Curls and Yuko Yamashita – inventor of Japanese hair straightening process ‘YUKO’ – for Perfect Straight. Due to need of shampoo for oily hair and dandruff unilever launch a new variant of Sunsilk having citrus extracts. The range consists of Sunsilk: Yellow Sunsilk with Bio Proteins from Vegetable Extracts: Normal hair needs wholesome nourishment. New Sunsilk with Bio Protein extracted from Vegetable milk has nutrients that deeply penetrate each hair strand, to nourish it leaving hair strong and beautiful. Black Sunsilk with Melanin from Plant Extracts: Dull hair needs a rich black shine. New Sunsilk with Melanin extracted from plants serves this purpose very effectively. It helps in the growth and retention of the black color of hair, giving it a rich black shine. Green Sunsilk with Fruitamins Vitamins from fruit Extracts: Thin and limp hair needs extra body and volume. New Sunsilk with Fruitamins has natural extracts from fruit that contains Vitamins. These vitamins help in giving extra body, shine and amazing manageability to the thinning and lifeless hair. Pink Sunsilk with yoghurt proteins: Dry hair needs wholesome conditioning, extra shine and style. New Sunsilk with yoghurt proteins makes the dry hair full of life. Its especial ingredients moisturize each hair right to its tips leaving it shiny and beautiful. Orange Sunsilk with active nutrients from Citrus Extracts: The advanced formula of orange Sunsilk is the result of the latest research. This shampoo is especially designed for oily hair type that looks flat and greasy due to the excess of moisture. New Sunsilk with active ingredients from citrus extracts cleans the excess oil off hair while its nutrients deeply penetrate each hair strand to nourish it. Industry Overview: In Bangladesh many brands are available in shampoo category. Unilever, Square Toiletries and P&G are the leading brands. Unilever produces Sunsilk and Clear, Jui is produced by Square and Pantene and Head & Shoulder produced by P&G. Moreover, there are some low brands which are operating in Bangladesh. Unilever grab the highest market share and in the leading position. Figure: Market Share STP Analysis: Segmentation: Geographic Segmentation Sunsilk ignored geographic segmentation for product; sunsilk segmented the market based on intermarket segmentation. But sunsilk segmented the market based on geographic segmentation for advertising, promotion and sales efforts. Sunsilk divided the market into three groups. 1. European countries 2. Middle-East countries 3. Asia pacific countries In those segment advertising, promotion and sales efforts should be different. Demographic segmentation Gender Sunsilk divided the market into two groups based on gender. 1 Male consumer 2 Female consumer Age and life cycle stage Consumer needs and wants change with age. Sunsilk divided the female consumer market into three groups based on age. 1. Market segment of female age 16-21 2. Market segment of female age 22-40 3. Market segment of female age above 40 Income Sunsilk divided the market based on income. They divided the market into three groups based on income. 1. Upper class 2. Middle class 3. Lower class Psychographics: Social class Initially they launched sunsilk black shine mainly for higher class people and to some extent middle class people. Then, they launched mini pack for the lower class people. Behavioral: Benefit Benefit is a factor which effect on buying decision. Sunsilk divided the market into five groups based on benefits. Each segment required difference benefit. 1. Segment â€Å"A† (who need nourishment for normal hair) 2. Segment â€Å"B† (who need a rich black shine for dull hair) 3. Segment â€Å"C† (who need extra body and volume for Thin and limp hair) 4. Segment â€Å"D† (who need conditioning, extra shine and style for dry hair) 5. Segment â€Å"E† (who need oil free hair for oily hair type that looks flat and greasy due to the excess of moisture) Market Targeting Market segmentation reveals sunsilk’s market segment opportunities. In this stage sunsilk had to evaluate the various segments and decide how many and which segments it could serve best. Evaluating market segments Sunsilk mainly targeted the female segment and ignored the male segment. At first, sunsilk targeted tow segments of female consumer which was segment of female age 16-21 and segment of female age 22-40, but in their promotional activities they focused on all female segments. Sunsilk targeted those segments because those segments were the largest, profitable and there was no strong and aggressive competitor. After, sunsilk targeted the five segments of benefit and they lunched separate product for each segment. Undifferentiated marketing At first, sunsilk used undifferentiated marketing or mass-marketing strategy and they ignored market segment difference and targeted the whole market with one offer. Differentiated marketing Sunsilk also practice differentiated marketing strategy, they targeted five segments of benefit and they brought variety in their product. They lunched five varieties product for whole market. Sunsilk target five segments and designed separate offer for each segment. Positioning: Sunsilk is already a renowned brand in the shampoo industry. As we mentioned in the earlier part of the report, they segmented and targeted their market very carefully. We give the customers more benefits with same amount of price. We try to give the best to the customers. More for More More for same More for less Same for less Less for less For positioning our product our tagline will be â€Å"We care about your feeling† Positioning Statement: â€Å"To the young and middle age women, who have dull, oily, rough and dry hair, our sunsilk is hair solution that offers stylish, shiny, strong and oil free hair related to the competitors.† Conclusion: Sunsilk is a most prominent shampoo brand in the market. Now, it is consider as a market leader based on market share and the market size. Manufacturer of leading brands, including Fair & Lovely and Lipton Tea, Our brands help people to look good, feel good and get more out of life. Celebrating life  for over 40 years and today, a company bringing world class consumer products to millions of people in the country we are Unilever.